投稿时间：2024-11-13
修订日期：2025-01-13
网络发布日期：2025-03-10
中文摘要:把大陆成矿学作为一门学科提出是基于近年大陆动力学和矿床学取得一系列进展的基础上的，从这个角度而言，大陆成矿学是矿床学研究的新阶段，是大陆动力学与矿床学的交叉学科。在新一轮找矿战略行动中，成矿理论和勘探理论研究仍然是亟待突破的瓶颈。人类开发和利用的矿产资源绝大多数是大陆资源。大陆成矿学从成矿地域和地质背景上，主要可分为陆内成矿和陆缘成矿作用。陆内成矿作用包括大陆裂谷成矿、克拉通成矿、陆内造山成矿、地幔柱成矿等；陆缘成矿作用包括大陆边缘成矿、大陆增生成矿和大陆碰撞成矿等。相关的科学前沿与关键科学问题有很多，这里强调：① 元素行为以及圈层间相互作用；② 流体与成矿作用的精细过程；③ 分散和稀少元素的巨量富集；④ 重大地质事件与元素的重新配置；⑤ 大陆演化与成矿演化的同步性及不可重复性。这些科学问题都会聚焦到成矿作用的时-空不均一性，以及成矿过程的复杂性和成矿类型的非单一性上，大陆成矿作用利用已有的成矿模式和传统的板块成矿理论还不能完满解释上述问题。深入的地质调查与实验研究和典型实例的解剖与对比研究是必要的。中国的大陆演化记录全面和复杂，克拉通与造山带都很有特色，其中华北克拉通元古宙暴贫暴富成矿（包括白云鄂博REE矿）、中生代华北克拉通破坏与华南大花岗岩省成矿（包括低温成矿域）、中亚增生型-青藏碰撞型造山带成矿与特提斯构造域叠合成矿、峨眉山地幔柱成矿以及高分异花岗岩-伟晶岩成矿等。近些年来对它们的研究已经有重大突破，提出了不少新的见解。希望地质与矿产界的科学、技术和工程人员更加关注大陆成矿理论的发展，为找矿勘查实践和大陆动力学的推动作出更大贡献。
Abstract:The continental metallogeny as an academic discipline is based on the advancements in continental dynamics and economic geology in recent years. The continental metallogeny represents a new stage of ore deposits studies and evolved into a new discipline, intersecting between continental dynamics and economic geology. The theoretical breakthrough on metallogenic and exploration research remains a critical bottleneck in the new round of strategic actions for mineral exploration. Continental minerals are still the dominant source of human exploitation and use. Continental metallogeny can be divided into two categories based on metallogenic region and geological background, i.e., intra-continental and continental margin metallogenesis. The intracontinental metallogenesis mainly includes four types, which are continental rift, cratonization, intracontinental orogeny, and mantle plume. The continental margin metallogenesis includes continental margin, continental accretion and continental collision types. There are many academic frontiers and key issues, among which the following are emphasized: ① the geochemical behavior and mobility of the ore-forming elements in process between Earth’s spheres; ② The properties of ore-forming fluids, and the fine metallogenic processes that they indicate; ③ Extraordinary enrichment of dispersed and trace elements; ④ The controlling mechanism of major geological events on mineralization; and ⑤ Synchronization and irreversibility of continental evolution and metallogenic evolution. These scientific issues converge on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of metallogenic complexity. Existing metallogenic models and traditional plate tectonic theories are still insufficient to fully explain continental metallogeny. The record of continental evolution is comprehensive and complex in China, with distinctive characteristics in both cratons and orogenic belts, so there is a rich diversity of ore deposits. In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in ore deposit research, leading to numerous new insights. It is hoped that researchers and engineers of related fields will pay greater attention to the development of continental metallogenic theory, contributing more significantly to practice of mineral exploration and the development of continental dynamics.
keywords:continental metallogeny research frontiers key scientific issues progress of Chinese research
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基金项目:本文得到国家自然科学基金（编号：92162323）的资助
引用文本：
翟明国.2025.大陆成矿学的研究前沿与关键科学问题[J].矿床地质,44(1):1~22ZHAI MingGuo.2025.Research frontiers and key scientific issues of continental metallogeny[J].Mineral Deposits44(1):1~22
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