投稿时间：2024-11-23
修订日期：2025-03-02
网络发布日期：2025-04-25
中文摘要:斑岩铜矿床是全球最重要的铜矿勘查类型。文章从大地构造环境、成矿岩套、矿化组合及成矿蚀变等方面，分析了斑岩铜多金属成矿系统的主要控制因素和定位规律，提出斑岩铜多金属成矿系统主要发育在陆相中酸性火山-侵入杂岩区，受成矿斑岩体和围岩建造的双重控制，以成矿斑岩体为中心，发育斑岩型-矽卡岩型-Manto型-隐爆角砾岩型-高硫（HS）型-中硫（IS）型-脉状等矿化类型的有序组合，具有产于火山盖层和（含细碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造）火山基底岩系的双层矿化结构。斑岩铜多金属成矿系统定位预测主要遵循4项基本规律：① 斑岩主矿体+“卫星矿床（体）”的矿化结构，各矿化类型及其空间结构互为找矿标志；② 多中心成矿规律，在矿集区或矿田范围内常发育多个成矿斑岩体，构成多个斑岩成矿中心；③ 富矿体赋存规律，主要包括次生富集带、有利矿化类型和叠加富集等；④ 构造改造再定位规律，预测被成矿后断裂错移的矿床（体）。文章以西藏巨龙矿区、塞尔维亚Timok矿集区MG靶区和黑龙江铜山矿区为例，诠释了应用斑岩成矿系统分析、成矿系统缺位找矿和成矿后断裂错移矿体预测等新认知，指导找矿突破的成功案例。最后，文章展望了地下大规模崩落法采矿技术的推广应用，对深隐伏（埋深500 m以下）斑岩铜多金属矿床勘查带来的机遇和挑战。
Abstract:Porphyry copper deposit is the most important type of copper exploration in the world. In this paper, the main controlling factors and positioning patterns of the porphyry copper polymetallic metallogenic system are analyzed from the aspects of tectonic environment, intrusion suite, mineralization series and alteration zoning. It is proposed that the porphyry copper system mainly developed in the continental intermediate-acidic volcano-intrusive complex, and controlled by the ore-forming porphyry stocks and wall-rock formations. The system consists of centered porphyry mineralization, and around mineralization of skarn type, Manto-type, breccia type, high-sulfidation (HS) epithermal type, intermedium-sulfidation (IS) type and vein type, and has a double-layer mineralization structure formed respectively in volcanic cover and volcanic basement containing fine clastic-carbonate formations. The location prediction of porphyry metallogenic system mainly follows four basic patterns: ① “porphyry main orebody+around satellite deposits”pattern, each mineralization type and its spatial relationship are mutual prospecting indicators; ② the multi-center metallogenic pattern, many porphyry copper ore concentration areas or fields developed multiple porphyry systems, and finding the new centers is the main goal of prospecting; ③ high grade orebodies positioning pattern, mainly including supergene enrichment zones, favorable mineralization types and superimposed enrichment; ④ the structural repositioning pattern predicts the deposits (bodies) of porphyry system dislocated by faults after mineralization. Taking Julong (Xizang), Timok MG (Serbia) and Tongshan (Heilongjiang) mining areas as examples, this paper interprets the successful cases by applying the identification of porphyry system, prospecting for the missing types of the system and prospecting for fault-displaced ore bodies. The opportunities and challenges brought by the application of underground large-scale caving mining technology to the exploration of deep buried porphyry copper deposits are prospected.
keywords:porphyry copper deposit metallogenic system metallogenic pattern positioning prediction case explorations
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基金项目:本文得到紫金矿业集团股份有限公司科技项目矿山综合找矿预测专项（编号：4104KY2022030001）资助
引用文本：
王京彬,王玉往,林寿洪,龙灵利,耿健.2025.斑岩铜多金属成矿系统定位预测[J].矿床地质,44(2):279~298WANG JingBin,WANG YuWang,LIN ShouHong,LONG LingLi,GENG Jian.2025.Location prediction of porphyry copper polymetallic metallogenic system[J].Mineral Deposits44(2):279~298
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