投稿时间：2025-01-14
修订日期：2025-09-09
网络发布日期：2026-01-04
中文摘要:华南埃迪卡拉系—寒武系海相磷块岩贡献了中国绝大部分的磷矿资源，但关于磷块岩物质组成的精细刻画方面仍存在一些问题，如矿物成分和嵌布关系复杂，伴生元素赋存状态不明等，制约了矿石中含磷矿物与脉石矿物的充分解离和高效分选。文章在岩相学研究的基础上，运用矿物自动定量分析技术对湖北宜昌和云南东川、贵州织金共23件沉积磷块岩及1件变质磷块岩矿石进行了矿物组成、嵌布特征、嵌布粒度等系统研究和对比，旨在为磷块岩矿石高效解离和分选提供支撑。研究表明，磷块岩矿石以条带状构造为主，少数为块状构造，主要为中-低品位硅质型和碳酸盐型矿石。宜昌陡山沱组磷块岩样品w(P2O5)为10.03%~35%，平均25.56%；东川、织金下寒武统磷块岩样品的w(P2O5)分别为7.64%~31.68%和5.73%~15.82%，平均19.83%和10.78%。由于条带状构造发育，矿石在毫米级尺度上ψ(磷灰石)从<10%可变为>80%。总体而言，华南沉积磷块岩的结构和构造多样，矿物组成和嵌布分析比较复杂，通过矿物自动定量分析系统精确测定矿物粒度、分布及其嵌布特征和共生关系，可针对性设计最佳磨矿条件，同时避免过磨导致的机械夹带和泥化问题，为选矿药剂的选择和工艺流程的优化提供重要参考。
Abstract:Marine phosphorites of the Ediacaran-Cambrian system in South China account for the vast majority of China's phosphate rock resources. However, several issues persist in the detailed characterization of their material composition, such as the complex mineral composition and dissemination relationships, as well as the unclear occurrence states of associated elements. These factors restrict the sufficient liberation and efficient separation of phosphate-bearing minerals from gangue minerals in the ore. Based on petrographic studies, this paper systematically investigated and compared the mineral composition, dissemination characteristics, and dissemination grain size of 23 sedimentary phosphorite samples and 1 metamorphic phosphorite sample collected from Yichang (Hubei Province), Dongchuan (Yunnan Province), and Zhijin (Guizhou Province) using the TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA). The aim is to provide support for the efficient dissociation and separation of phosphorite ores. The results indicate that the phosphorite ores are dominated by banded structures, with a minority of massive structures, and are mainly medium-low grade siliceous and carbonate-type ores. For the Doushantuo Formation phosphorite samples from Yichang, the mass fraction of P2O5 (w(P2O5)) ranges from 10.03% to 35%, with an average of 25.56%. For the Lower Cambrian phosphorite samples from Dongchuan and Zhijin, the (w(P2O5)) ranges from 7.64% to 31.68% and 5.73% to 15.82%, with average contents of 19.83% and 10.78%, respectively. Due to the well-developed banded structures, the volume fraction of apatite (ψ(apatite)) in the ores can vary from <10% to >80% at the millimeter scale. In general, the sedimentary phosphorites in South China exhibit diverse textures and structures, with complex mineral composition and dissemination characteristics. Accurate determination of mineral grain size, distribution, dissemination features, and paragenetic relationships using the TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer enables the targeted design of optimal grinding conditions. This not only avoids mechanical entrainment and slime formation caused by overgrinding but also provides important references for the selection of mineral processing reagents and the optimization of technological flowsheets.
keywords:phosphorite mineral composition dissemination characteristics TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer South China
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基金项目:本文得到国家重点研发计划“中国磷和硼矿床成矿机制与找矿预测”子课题“磷和硼多圈层循环与大规模成矿机理”（编号：2023YFC2906601）、湖北省创新群体项目“流域关键地质过程与磷成矿机制”（编号：2025AFA033）和湖北省自然科学基金项目“华南沉积磷矿中稀土元素赋存规律研究”（编号：2025AFD461）联合资助
引用文本：
刘聪靓,肖倩,李天洋,师爽,曹克楠,周羽杰,夏文鹏,王伟,佘振兵,黄康俊,王春连.2025.磷块岩物质组成对矿石分选性的制约：基于TIMA矿物自动定量分析的研究[J].矿床地质,44(6):1375~1395LIU CongLiang,XIAO Qian,LI TianYang,SHI Shuang,CAO KeNan,ZHOU YuJie,XIA WenPeng,WANG Wei,SHE ZhenBing,HUANG KangJun,WANG ChunLian.2025.Compositional characterization of phosphorite and its implications for ore processability: A study based on TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA)[J].Mineral Deposits44(6):1375~1395
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