投稿时间：2025-11-02
修订日期：2026-03-08
网络发布日期：2026-04-22
中文摘要:水力压裂铀成矿是笔者在相山热液铀矿成因研究过程中提出的新概念。花岗岩型铀矿是中国重要工业类型，也是热液型铀矿。鹿井矿田是华南花岗岩型铀矿的重要矿田，近年又落实中型规模的小山铀矿床。着力鹿井矿田成矿作用研究，推动花岗岩型铀矿成矿理论创新，服务铀资源勘查战略任务，具有重要意义。但由于缺乏对花岗岩型铀矿床成矿物质来源的动力学机制的深刻认识，对矿床形成的铀萃取、运移和沉淀富集的成矿全过程的研究仍然较薄弱，这在一定程度上制约了花岗岩型铀矿成矿理论创新进程。文章以鹿井矿田为例，通过资料二次开发、野外调查、镜下观察和化学分析方法，以水力压裂铀成矿机制为主线，重新梳理鹿井矿田成矿岩体、成矿构造、自变质作用类型，分析水力压裂促发成矿物质萃取、迁移和沉淀富集机理，阐述花岗岩型铀矿床水力压裂铀成矿全过程。研究表明，鹿井矿田主要成矿岩体（铀源体）为印支期第二阶段中粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩（文英岩体），水力压裂构造是重要成矿构造，鹿井、高昔等矿床矿体的弯曲、分叉、产状多变的形态和碎裂踪迹提供了水力压裂铀成矿的重要证据。文英岩体的白云母（绢云母、水云母）化、绿泥石化、高岭石化等自变质作用，是岩石排Si、排U、排K、排Na、排Ca、排Mg、排Fe、排F等元素的化学过程，碱交代是自变质作用的衍生蚀变，自变质及碱交代蚀变大大提高了岩石活性U份额，引起岩石膨胀和流体增压，孕育水力压裂铀成矿前提条件。晚期补体（中细粒花岗岩）侵入活动，触发了水力压裂和隐爆作用，驱动了流体流动，萃取成矿物质，促使以碳酸铀酰离子等形式存在的U向压力降低方向运移。局部压力释放，导致流体沸腾、气体逸出、SiO2、Ca2+迁移和U沉淀富集。花岗岩型铀成矿全过程：自变质（+碱交代）→蚀变增压→水力压裂（隐爆）→U萃取及运移→充填（+交代）成矿。
Abstract:The concept of uranium mineralization by hydrofracturing is a new concept proposed by the author during the research on the genesis of Xiangshan hydrothermal uranium deposit. Granite-type uranium deposits are an important industrial type in China and also belong to hydrothermal uranium deposits. Lujing ore field is a significant granitic-type uranium deposit in South China, where a medium-sized uranium deposit—the Xiaoshan uranium deposit—has been newly confirmed in recent years.Conducting in-depth research on the metallogenesis of the Lujing ore field is of great significance for advancing the metallogenic theory of granitic-type uranium deposits and supporting the strategic mission of uranium resource exploration.However, the insufficient understanding of dynamic mechanisms governing the ore-forming material sources in granitic-type uranium deposits, combined with limited research on the complete metallogenic process encompassing uranium extraction, transportation, and precipitation, has partially hindered theoretical advancements in the metallogeny of granitic uranium deposits Taking the Lujing ore field as an example, through methods such as secondary development of data, field investigation, microscopic observation and chemical analysis, with the hydrofracturing uranium metallogenic mechanism as the main line, this paper reorganizes the main metallogenic rock mass, important metallogenic structures and types of autometamorpHism, analyzes the mechanism of hydrofracturing promoting the extraction, migration and precipitation enrichment of metallogenic materials, and expounds the entire process of hydrofracturing uranium metallogenesis in granite-type uranium deposits.Studies have shown that the main ore-forming rock mass（uranium source） in the Lujing ore field is the medium-coarse-grained porpHyritic biotite granite of the second pHase of the Indosinian period（Wenyin pluton）. Hydraulic fracturing structure is an important ore-forming structure.The bending, branching, and variable occurrence of ore bodies, as well as fragmentation traces in Lujing and Gaoxi deposits, provide important evidence for uranium mineralization related to hydraulic fracturing. The autometamorphism of the Wenyin pluton, including muscovitization（sericitization, hydromicatization）, chloritization,and kaolinization, represents a chemical process involving the expulsion of Si, U, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, and F from the rock. Alkali metasomatism is a derivative alteration of auto-metamorpHism. Both auto-metamorpHism and alkali metasomatic alteration significantly increase the proportion of mobile uranium in the rock, induce rock expansion and fluid pressure increase, and create the preconditions for uranium mineralization via hydraulic fracturing. The intrusion of late-stage, medium-to fine-grained granitic recharge triggered hydraulic fracturing and cryptic explosion. This process drove fluid flow, which extracted ore-forming elements and facilitated the migration of uranium（primarily as uranyl carbonate） towards zones of lower pressure. Subsequent local pressure release led to fluid boiling, gases such as CO2 effervescence, and the transport of SiO2 and Ca2+, ultimately resulting in the precipitation and enrichment of uranium. The complete genetic sequence for this granite-hosted uranium mineralization is as follows: AutometamorpHism+alkali metasomatism→alteration induced pressurization→hydraulic fracturing（cryptic explosion） →uranium extraction and migration→vein-filling（with replacement）mineralization.
keywords:alteration induced pressurization hydraulic fracturing the entire process of mineralization granite-type uranium deposit Lujing ore field
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基金项目:中国核工业地质局地勘费项目“诸广中段鹿井矿田及邻区铀矿资源调查评价与勘查”(编号:2022-31)资助
引用文本：
张万良,李余亮.2026.花岗岩型铀矿水力压裂铀成矿全过程——以鹿井矿田为例[J].矿床地质,45(2):251~271ZHANG WanLiang,LI YuLiang.2026.Entire process of uranium mineralization by hydraulic fracturing in granite-type uranium deposits: Taking Lujing ore field as an example[J].Mineral Deposits45(2):251~271
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