投稿时间：2025-08-26
修订日期：2026-01-07
网络发布日期：2026-04-22
中文摘要:铝-磷酸盐-硫酸盐矿物(aluminum-phosphate-sulphate，即APS)是斑岩-浅成低温热液铜金矿过渡的关键指示矿物，但对其作为找矿指标的研究较为薄弱。文章研究发现，紫金山高硫型浅成低温热液Au-Cu矿床的高级泥化蚀变带(叠加于绢英岩化之上)广泛发育铝-磷酸盐-硫酸盐矿物(APS)。这些APS矿物多呈他形细粒集合体，被明矾石交代，并分布于明矾石+地开石+白云母矿物组合中。电子探针分析结果表明，APS矿物是富含Ca、Sr、Ba、Pb和LREE的明矾石族矿物，代表了砷铅铁矾亚族和水磷铝铅矿亚族中的固溶体。矿物结构表明，APS矿物由早到晚依次富LREE(磷铝铈石)、Pb(磷铅铝矾)、Sr(磷锶铝矾)、Ca(磷钙铝矾)，暗示成矿流体演化中pH值降低和氧逸度升高。富Ca或Sr的APS矿物与叶蜡石矿物组合相关，富LREE的APS矿物则与地开石/高岭石矿物组合相关，暗示早世代成矿热液富LREE、Pb，而晚世代富集Ca、Sr。APS矿物中的Al、P、Ca、Sr、K、Na和LREE等元素主要来源于围岩中的长石和磷灰石矿物，S主要由岩浆蒸汽提供，Pb是由深部斑岩矿化流体带入。微量元素分析表明，APS矿物中P/S与(Ca+Sr)组合可有效示踪流体酸化与氧化方向，Pb与LREE组合则指示热液中心及与深部斑岩体的接近程度。微量元素在十字剖面上的空间变化规律显示，紫金山含矿热液在从东南(热液中心)向西北运移过程中，温度与氧逸度降低，pH升高。
Abstract:Aluminum-phosphate-sulphate（APS） minerals are key indicators at the porphyry-epithermal transition, yet their application as exploration vectors remains insufficiently studied. At the Zijinshan high-sulfidation epithermal Au-Cu deposit, APS minerals are widely developed within advanced argillic alteration zones overprinting earlier phyllic alteration. They commonly occur as fine-grained, anhedral aggregates, replaced by alunite, and are distributed within alunite+dickite+muscovite mineral assemblages. Electron microprobe analyses indicate that these APS minerals are alunite-supergroup solid solutions（representing the plumbogummite and beudantite series） enriched in Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, and LREE. Core-to-rim textures reveal an evolutionary sequence from early LREE-dominant florencite, to Pb-rich hinsdalite, followed by Sr-enriched svanbergite, and finally late Ca-dominated woodhouseite. This sequence suggests a progressive decrease in pH and a continuous increase in oxygen fugacity(f（O2）)of the ore-forming fluid. Ca-or Sr-rich APS minerals are associated with pyrophyllite assemblages, whereas LREE-rich APS minerals correlate with dickite/kaolinite assemblages, implying that early-stage ore-forming fluids were enriched in LREE and Pb, while later stages were enriched in Ca and Sr. Elements such as Al, P, Ca, Sr,K, Na, and LREE were primarily derived from wall-rock feldspar and apatite, S was mainly supplied by magmatic vapor, and Pb was introduced by deep-seated porphyry mineralization fluids. Trace element profile analysis demonstrates that the P/S and（Ca+Sr） combination in APS minerals effectively traces the direction of fluid acidification and oxidation, while the Pb and LREE combination indicates proximity to the hydrothermal center and the underlying porphyry body. Spatial variations of trace elements along the profile show that during fluid migration from the southeast（hydrothermal center） towards the northwest, temperature and oxygen fugacity decreased,while pH increased.
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基金项目:国家重点研究计划项目(编号:2022YFC2903601);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(A类)(编号:41925011)联合资助
引用文本：
陈辉,谢桂青,刘文元,毛景文,徐净,朱乔乔,段士刚.2026.福建紫金山高硫型浅成低温金铜矿床APS矿物特征及指示意义[J].矿床地质,45(2):272~292CHEN Hui,XIE GuiQing,LIU WenYuan,MAO JingWen,XU Jing,ZHU QiaoQiao,DUAN ShiGang.2026.Mineralogical characteristics and exploration significance of APS minerals in high-sulfidation epithermal Au-Cu deposit of Zijinshan, Fujian[J].Mineral Deposits45(2):272~292
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