投稿时间：2025-11-06
修订日期：2026-03-15
网络发布日期：2026-04-22
中文摘要:东昆仑造山带西段祁漫塔格成矿带发育一系列矽卡岩型多金属矿床，是中国重要的资源基地。近年来该带新发现了哈西亚图铁多金属矿床，属于与中酸性岩体有关的层控型矽卡岩矿床。然而，成矿流体运移路径及物质来源仍不清楚，矿区深边部找矿面临攻坚。根据野外观察和室内分析，将哈西亚图矿床成矿过程划分为矽卡岩期（石榴子石-透辉石-橄榄石-透闪石-金云母-磁铁矿）、退化蚀变期（阳起石-绿泥石-绿帘石-金云母-磁铁矿-黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿-自然金）和石英硫化物期（石英-方解石-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿-磁黄铁矿-毒砂-自然金）。哈西亚图矿床石英与方解石内发育3类主要流体包裹体：富液相、富气相及含子矿物包裹体。从矽卡岩期到石英硫化物期，经历了从高温（413～467℃）、高盐度w(NaCleq)（20.82%～45.43%）向中低温（233～333℃）、低盐度w(NaCleq)（0.18%～2.24%）的演化过程。流体沸腾和温度降低可能是哈西亚图矿床中成矿元素沉淀的主要因素。运用surfer软件将哈西亚图矿床退化蚀变期样品流体包裹体的温度和盐度投影至纵剖面图上，结果显示成矿流体温度和盐度自东部深部向西部浅部逐渐降低，暗示热液中心可能位于矿区东北隐伏区，并推动最新钻探工作在该处深部发现厚大的铁多金属矿体。黄铁矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿的原位硫同位素的δ34S变化范围在5.83‰～7.74‰，表明哈西亚图矿床的硫以岩浆来源为主，并混染了地层硫。综上，哈西亚图矿区东北隐伏岩体释放高温高盐度成矿热液，沿着矿区北东东向断裂向西部运移，成矿热液与金水口岩群下岩组碳酸盐岩围岩发生反应，并萃取其中的硫等元素，成矿流体由于沸腾作用和温度降低逐渐发生成矿物质沉淀，未来高温铁矿勘查应聚焦东北隐伏区，而较低温铜铅锌金矿化应集中于矿区中部、西南部位。
中文关键词:流体包裹体 原位硫同位素 勘查方向 矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床 东昆仑
Abstract:A series of skarn-type polymetallic deposits are developed in the Qimantage metallogenic belt in the western part of the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt, which is an important resource base in China. In recent years, the Haxiyatu iron polymetallic deposit has been newly discovered in this belt, which belongs to the stratabound skarn deposit related to the intermediate-acid intrusion. However, fluid migration pathways and ore-forming material sources remain unclear, complicating deep and peripheral exploration within the deposit area. Based on field observations and laboratory analysis, the metallogenic process of the Haxiyatu deposit is divided into the skarn stage（garnet-diopside-olivine-tremolite-phlogopite-magnetite）, retrograde alteration stage（actinolite-chlorite-epidote-phlogopite-magnetite-pyrite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena-native gold）, and quartz-sulfide stage（quartz-calcite-pyrite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena-pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite-native gold）. Three primary types of fluid inclusions are identified in quartz and calcite from the Haxiyatu deposit: Liquid-rich, vapor-rich, and daughter mineral-bearing inclusions. From the skarn stage to the quartz-sulfide stage, it evolved from high temperature（413～467℃） and high salinity w(NaCleq) 20.82%～45.43% to moderate-low temperature（233～333℃） and low salinity w(NaCleq) 0.18%～2.24%. Fluid boiling and temperature decline are the primary drivers of ore precipitation in the Haxiyatu deposit. Surfer software was utilized to project the homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in samples formed during the retrograde alteration stage onto a longitudinal section. The results indicate a gradual decrease in ore-forming fluid temperature and salinity from the deeper eastern zones toward the shallower western areas, which may suggest that the hydrothermal center is likely located in the concealed northeastern sector of the deposit area. This finding helped to prioritize the exploration targets and facilitated a latest deep drilling program which discovered thick iron-polymetallic ore bodies at depth in the northeastern concealed area. δ34S values of in-situ sulfur isotopes in pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite range from +5.83‰ to +7.74‰,indicating that the sulfur in the Haxiyatu deposit is predominantly of magmatic origin, with some contamination from strata sulfur. In summary, the data support a model whereby high-temperature, high-salinity ore-forming fluids derived from the northeastern concealed intrusion in the Haxiyatu mining area migrated westward along NEEtrending faults. The ore-forming hydrothermal fluid reacted with carbon carbonatite country rocks of the lower Jinshuikou Group, extracting sulfur and critical ore metals. Ore precipitation occurred progressively via fluid boiling and cooling. Consequently, exploration targets should be prioritized: High-temperature Fe mineralization targeting the concealed northeastern sector, while low-temperature Cu-Pb-Zn-Au mineralization in the central and southwestern parts of the deposit area.
keywords:fluid inclusions in-situ sulfur isotope exploration direction skarn-type iron polymetallic deposits eastern Kunlun
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基金项目:新疆地矿投资(集团)有限责任公司宝地矿业产学研联合攻关项目(编号:3-4-2024-112);中央高校基本科研业务费项目联合资助
引用文本：
段龙凯,赵云,王瑞,朱伯鹏,薛春纪,褚海霞,田祥雨,王俊达,李旭广,司渊龙,兰绍帅,孙英才,杨嘉蕊,吴晓贵,刘建,刘建新,于奇永.2026.东昆仑哈西亚图铁多金属矿床成矿机制及找矿方向[J].矿床地质,45(2):317~332DUAN LongKai,ZHAO Yun,WANG Rui,ZHU BoPeng,XUE ChunJi,CHU HaiXia,TIAN XiangYu,WANG JunDa,LI XuGuang,SI YuanLong,LAN ShaoShuai,SUN YingCai,YANG JiaRui,WU XiaoGui,LIU Jian,LIU JianXin,YU QiYong.2026.Metallogenic mechanism and prospecting direction of Haxiyatu iron-polymetallic deposit, eastern Kunlun[J].Mineral Deposits45(2):317~332
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