投稿时间：2024-01-16
修订日期：2025-05-29
网络发布日期：2026-03-11
中文摘要:蚀变矿物的类型、结构、含量以及组合规律对研究砂岩型铀矿成矿作用过程具有重要的指示意义，文章以海力锦铀矿床上白垩统姚家组砂岩为研究对象，通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、TIMA综合矿物分析等测试手段，对姚家组多色砂岩中蚀变矿物的成分、含量及特征展开了系统的对比和研究工作。研究结果表明，海力锦地区姚家组砂岩黏土矿物主要以高岭石为主，其次为伊/蒙混层及少量伊利石，且不同地球化学分带中的黏土矿物含量没有明显的差别；而与之相伴生的后生蚀变矿物却具有一定的多色砂体选择性，表现为赤铁矿集中分布在氧化砂体中，菱铁矿主要分布在灰色砂体及少部分褐黄色氧化砂体中，方解石、铁白云石等碳酸盐矿物均匀分布，但后者在褐黄色砂体中分布相对较多。综合研究认为，高岭石与伊/蒙混层在不同成岩、成矿期存在着一定的转化关系；相比于有机质，黏土矿物所吸附的铀可能并不占主要地位，但黏土矿物的分布对赋矿空间的形成及定位、地球化学界面的形成及控制具有重要的作用；结合与黏土矿物相伴生且被含铀含氧层间水改造的后生蚀变矿物在多色砂体中的分布规律，笔者认为海力锦铀矿床成矿环境可能经历了成岩期中性-弱酸性环境→成矿早期酸性环境→成矿晚期酸性-弱碱环境→成矿期后弱碱-碱性环境的转变过程。
Abstract:The types, textures, abundances and assemblage patterns of alteration minerals provide critical insights into metallogenic processes in sandstone-type uranium deposits. This study focuses on the multi-colored sandstone of the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation within the Hailijin uranium deposit. A systematic comparative investigation was conducted to characterize the composition, content, and features of alteration minerals using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and Total Mineral Analysis(TIMA).The results reveal that clay minerals in the Yaojia Formation sandstone in Hailijin area are dominated by kaolinite, followed by illite-smectite mixed layer and a small amount of illite, with no significant difference in clay minerals abundance across different geochemical zones. In contrast, associated epigenetic alteration minerals exhibit selective distribution within multi-colored sand bodies. Hematite is concentrated in oxidized sandstones, siderite occurs mainly in gray sandstones and minor brown-yellow oxidized sandstones, while carbonate minerals such as calcite and ankerite are evenly distributed but relatively enriched in brownish-yellow sandstones. Comprehensive analysis suggests that kaolinite and illite-smectite mixed layer exhibit transformation relationships during distinct diagenetic and metallogenic stages. Although uranium adsorbed by clay minerals may not be dominant compared to organic matter, the spatial distribution of clay minerals plays an important role in constraining ore-hosting zones and controlling geochemical interfaces. Combined with the distribution patterns of epigenetic alteration minerals associated with clay minerals and modified by uranium-containing oxygen-bearing interstitial fluids, this study proposes that the metallogenic environment of Hailijin Uranium deposit evolved through successive stages:neutral-weakly acidic conditions during diagenesis, then acidic conditions in early mineralization period, followed by acid-weak alkali conditions in late mineralization period, and finally weak basic to alkaic conditions during post-mineralization.
keywords:alteration minerals Yaojia Formation sandstone-type uranium deposit Hailijin uranium deposit southern Songliao Basin
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基金项目:中国核工业地质局“松辽盆地南部海力锦铀矿床铀富集成因机理研究”项目(编号:202212-19)资助
引用文本：
臧亚辉,宁君,王常东,董小宇,张亮亮,卢天军,严兆彬.2026.松辽盆地南部海力锦铀矿床姚家组砂岩蚀变矿物特征及其与铀成矿关系研究[J].矿床地质,45(1):189~208ZANG YaHui,NING Jun,WANG ChangDong,DONG XiaoYu,ZHANG LiangLiang,LU TianJun,YAN ZhaoBin.2026.Study on alteration mineral characteristics of Yaojia Formation sandstone and its relationship with uranium mineralization in Hailijin uranium deposit,southern Songliao Basin[J].Mineral Deposits45(1):189~208
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