新疆中亚造山带铁矿床地质特征、时空分布和找矿方向

A review of geological characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution and prospecting direction of iron deposits in Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang

中文关键词:铁矿床  地质特征  时空分布  中亚造山带  新疆

keywords:iron deposits  geological characteristics  time-space distribution  Central Asian Orogenic Belt  Xinjiang

中文摘要:在前人研究和野外调查基础上，文章综述了新疆中亚造山带铁及铁多金属矿地质特征、时空分布规律、构造环境和找矿方向。铁及铁多金属矿主要为岩浆型、海相火山岩型、矽卡岩型、IOCG型、岩浆热液脉型、沉积变质型和沉积型，其中海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型是主要类型，主要分布于南阿尔泰、东天山和西天山，少量分布在准噶尔、北山和西南天山。6个主要成矿期：新元古代青白口纪、中-晚志留世、泥盆纪（376~411 Ma）、石炭纪（301~337 Ma）、早-中二叠世（262~295 Ma）和晚三叠世—中侏罗世，其中泥盆纪和石炭纪为主要成矿期。新疆中亚造山带在前寒武纪陆块、洋-陆俯冲增生、陆-陆碰撞、后造山伸展和陆内等地质过程形成了不同类型的铁矿床。泥盆纪—石炭纪为与板块俯冲有关的大洋岛弧和陆缘弧环境，主要形成海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型；二叠纪为后碰撞环境，主要形成岩浆型和矽卡岩型；晚三叠世—中侏罗世为陆内伸展环境。今后的找矿部署是主攻西天山阿吾拉勒，深化南阿尔泰、东天山阿齐山-雅满苏-沙泉子和梧桐沟-天湖矿集区，加快评价准噶尔北缘、伊什基里克和莫托沙拉-库米什矿集区。

Abstract:This paper reviews the geological characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution, tectonic settings, and prospec-ting direction of iron and polymetallic deposits in the Xinjiang Central Asian Orogenic Belt (XCAOB). We recognize seven types of iron and polymetallic deposits in the XCAOB: magmatic, submarine volcanogenic, skarn, iron oxide-copper-old (IOCG), magmatic-hydrothermal vein, sedimentary-metamorphic, and sedimentary. Of these types, submarine volcanogenic and skarn deposits are the most common. The iron and polymetallic deposits are largely distributed in South Altay, East Tianshan, and West Tianshan, with minor deposits in Junggar, Beishan, and Southwest Tianshan. The ore formation in iron and polymetallic deposits can be divided into six mineralization phases: Neoproterozoic Qingbaikouan, Middle-Late Silurian, Devonian (376~411 Ma), Carboniferous (301~337 Ma), Early-Middle Permian (262~295 Ma), and Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic. Among these phases, the Devonian and Carboniferous were the main mineralization phases. Different types of iron and polymetallic deposits were formed in the Precambrian continent, ocean-continent subduction accretion, continental-continent collision orogen, post-orogenic extension, and intracontinental geological processes in the XCAOB. The Devonian to Carboniferous was an oceanic island arc and marginal arc environment related to plate subduction, which mainly formed submarine volcanogenic and skarn deposits, the Permian was a post-collision environment, which mainly formed magmatic and skarn deposits, and Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic was an intracontinental extensional environment. The future prospecting plan is to focus on the West Tianshan Awulale, deepen the South Altai, East Tianshan Aqishan-Yamansu-Shaquanzi and Wutonggou-Tianhu ore dense districts, speeds up the evaluation of the northern margin of the Junggar, Yishijilike, and Motuosala-Kumishi ore dense districts.