哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰造山带稀有金属矿床成矿规律及找矿潜力

Metallogenic regularity and prospecting potential of rare metal deposits in Altay orogenic belt, Kazakhstan

中文关键词:成矿规律  稀有金属  伟晶岩型矿床  卡尔巴-纳雷姆成矿带  阿尔泰造山带  哈萨克斯坦

keywords:metallogenic regularity  rare metal  pegmatite deposit  Kalba-Narym metallogenic belt  Altay orogenic belt  Kazakhstan

中文摘要:哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰造山带稀有金属矿产资源丰富，近年来受到广泛关注。文章系统总结了该区稀有金属矿床的成矿地质背景、区域成矿特征、典型矿床特征及成矿规律，并初步总结了找矿标志，分析了找矿远景。研究表明，稀有金属矿床主要集中于卡尔巴-纳雷姆成矿带，类型以伟晶岩型Li-Ta-Nb矿床为主，其次为钠长岩-云英岩型Sn-Ta-Li矿床和云英岩-石英脉型Sn-W矿床。成矿作用主要发生在早二叠世，与区内早二叠世卡尔巴花岗岩基岩浆-热液活动密切相关，形成于斋桑洋盆闭合后的后碰撞背景。矿床分布与矿化富集受区域深部结构、北西向断裂与近南北向等主要断裂交汇部位、岩体顶部及岩体接触带等控制。成矿花岗岩地球化学特征及伟晶岩矿物结构分带对找矿具有重要指示意义。综合成矿规律表明，阿尔泰造山带稀有金属矿床具有良好找矿潜力，未来应重点加强已开采矿床稀有金属资源利用，以及区域内大量未评价伟晶岩脉和钠长岩-云英岩型矿床的成矿潜力调查。

Abstract:The Altay orogenic belt of Kazakhstan hosts abundant mineral resources, including a suite of rare metal deposits that have recently attracted significant attention from both industry and academia. This paper synthesizes the geological setting, regional metallogenic characteristics, representative deposit features, and metallogenic regularity of rare metal deposits in the region, and preliminarily summarizes the prospecting indicators and analyzes exploration potential for rare metal deposits in the region. Rare metal deposits are mainly concentrated in the Kalba-Narym metallogenic belt and are dominated by pegmatite-type Li-Ta-Nb mineralization, with subordinate albitite-greisen-type Sn-Ta-Li and greisen–quartz vein-type Sn-W deposits. Rare metal mineralization mainly occurred in the Early Permian, which was closely related to the large-scale magmatic-hydrothermal activities of the Early Permian Kalba batholith in the region, and formed in the post-collisional setting after the closure of the Zaysan Ocean. The distribution and enrichment of rare metal mineralization are mainly controlled by regional deepseated structures, the intersections of major faults(e. g., NW-trending faults and nearly NS-trending faults), the top and contact zones of the granitic intrusive bodies. The geochemical signatures of metallogenic granites, together with mineral textural zoning patterns of pegmatite veins, are important indicators for exploration. Based on the summarized metallogenic regularities, it is concluded that the rare metal deposits in the Altay orogenic belt of Kazakhstan hold considerable exploration potential. In the future, focus should be placed on enhancing the utilization of rare metal resources in the extracted deposits and investigating the mineralization potential of numerous previously unevaluated pegmatite veins and albitite-greisen-type rare metal deposits in the region.